Abstract
The study was conducted on 120 fish collected from two sites over six months. The neem leaf and seed extract at 0, 10, 50, 100, 500, and 1000 ppm was used to evaluate its effect on sea lice. The infection rate of sea lice on rabbitfish was 66.7%, and infection intensity averaged 20.3 sea lice/fish. The infection intensity was higher in January, February, and March than in April, May, and June. After 30 hours of experiment, the EC50 and EC90 of leaf extract were 148 and 928 ppm and of seed extract were 62 and 397 ppm.
References
- Linh, N. Q., Ngoc T. N., Huyen, K. T., Giang, N. T. H. and Hue, N. V. (2015), Nutritional Characteristics and Feeding of Rabbitfish (Siganus guttatus) in Tam Giang – Cau Hai Lagoon Systems, African Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 5(12), 562–570.
- Boxshall, G. A. and Defaye, D. (2006), Pathogens of Wild and Farmed Fish: Sea Lice, CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA.
- Dung, V. T., Glenn, A. B., Dung, N. H. and Dung, V. T. (2008), Parasitism of Two Species of Caligus (Copepoda: Caligidae) on Wild and Cultured Grouper in Viet Nam, Journal of the Fisheries Society of Taiwan, 35(1), 1–9.
- Lepe-Lopez, M., Escobar-Dodero, J., Zimin-Veselkoff, N., Azat, C. and Mardones, F. O. (2021), Assessing the Present and Future Habitat Suitability of Caligus rogercresseyi (Boxshall and Bravo, 2000) for Salmon Farming in Southern Chile, Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 7, 615039.
- Pauline, O. D., Frank, K., Suzanne, K., Tom, M. D., Jack, D. A., Joanne, C., et al. (2021), National survey of sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis krøyer and Caligus elongatus nordmann) on fish farms in Ireland – 2020, Irish Fisheries Bulletin, 52, 43p.
- Cañon, J. H. A., Schlotterbeck, S. T., Castillo, R. M., Cortes, G. H., Asencio, G., Latuz, S. et al. (2021), In vitro efficacy of Quillaja saponaria extracts on the infective life-stage of ectoparasite Caligus rogercresseyi, Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 2021(6), 1–9.
- Schmutterer, H. (2002), The Neem Tree, Azadirachta indica A. Juss and Other Meliaceous Plant Sources of Unique Natural Products for Integrated Pest Management, Medicine and Purposes, Mumbai, India, Neem Foundation, 2, 893.
- Goktepe, P. (2004), Acute Toxic Effects of Neem – Based Insecticides on Crustaceans, Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 72, 1278–1284.
- Abhishek, K., Mani, R. P., Diwakar, M., Sunil, K. S. and Ajai, K. S. (2012), Acute toxicity of azadirachtin to a teleost, Heteropneustes fossilis, Acta Scientiarum Biological Sciences, 34(2), 213–216.
- Nguyễn Kim Phi Phụng (2007), Phương pháp cô lập hợp chất hữu cơ, Nxb. Đại học Quốc gia Tp. Hồ Chí Minh.
- Hà Ký, Bùi Quang Tề (2007), Ký sinh trùng cá nước ngọt Việt Nam, Nxb. Khoa học và Kỹ thuật, Hà Nội.
- Edward, J. N. (2010), Fish Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment, Wiley-Blackwell, 519p.
- Khoa, T. N. D., Mazelan, S., Muda, S., and Shaharom, H. F. (2019), Use of neem oil (Azadirachta indica) to control caligid copepod infestation on Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer), Aquaculture Research, 50, 1885–1892.
- Ahmet, O. and Ivan, S. (2021), Caligus minimus (Copepoda: Caligidae) parasitic on the gills of a remora echeneis naucrates attached to a seabass Dicentrarchus Labrax In Köyceğiz-Dalyan Lagoon Lake, Aegean Sea, Turkey, Annales – Series Historia Naturalis, 31-2021-1.
- Jiang, X., Hansen, H. C. B., Strobel, B. W. and Cedergreen, N. (2018), What is the aquatic toxicity of saponin-rich plant extracts used as biopesticides?, Environmental Pollution, 236, 416–424.
- Agusti, C., Bravo, S., Contreras, G., Bakke, M. J., Helgesen, K. O., Winkler, C., et al. (2016), Sensitivity assessment of Caligus rogercresseyi to anti-louse chemicals in relation to treatment efficacy in Chilean salmonid farms, Aquaculture, 458, 195–205.
- Sandra, B., Sigmund, S., Horsberg, T. E. (2008), Sensitivity assessment of Caligus rogercresseyi to emamectin benzoate in Chile, Aquaculture, 282, 7–12.
- Reverter, M., Bontemps, N., Lecchini, D., Banaigs, B. và Sasal, P. (2014), Use of plant extracts in fish aquaculture as an alternative to chemotherapy: Current status and future perspectives, Aquaculture, 433, 50–61.