A V/UiO-66 metal-organic framework-modified glassy carbon electrode for electrochemical determination of ethambutol

Abstract

A sensitive electrochemical sensor based on a vanadium-incorporated UiO-66 metal-organic framework-modified glassy carbon electrode (V/UiO-66/GCE) was developed for determining ethambutol in pharmaceutical formulations. The V/UiO-66 material was synthesised via a hydrothermal method and comprehensively characterised with X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy with elemental mapping. Under optimal conditions, the V/UiO-66/GCE exhibited a well-defined oxidation peak, enabling the quantification of ethambutol with a limit of detection of 0.81 μmol.L⁻¹. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of commercial tablets, yielding an acceptable recovery of 95.50%. These results indicate that the V/UiO-66/GCE provides a simple, reliable, and efficient electrochemical approach for the determination of ethambutol.